The Final Essay Exam requires you to think back through the public policy concepts covered during the semester, critically analyze what you have learned, and analyze how the concepts are (or are not) relevant to your own experience. The questions are all based on content from our readings and lectures. All answers should likewise draw on material covered in our class. We covered the underpinnings of the study of public policy, the elements and actors of the policy process, the context of public policy making, policy design, tools, agenda setting and implementation. As we have arrived at the end of the semester, you should have begun to develop your own personal view and approach to the concept of public policy and the process, guided by your readings, research, personal inclinations, professions, life experiences, etc. Answer the following questions within the context of a minimum six page APA formatted essay. The final exam must be at least 6 pages (double-spaced), not including references, but no more than 9 pages. No title page or running head are required and it is recommended that you use the questions as paragraph headings. Upload your essay via this page (Turnitin will be used). Written work, particularly scholarly references, must be prepared in APA 7th style. In keeping with APA 7th Style, be sure to cite sources and any works used to support your conclusions. There will be no make-up exams and no extension of the deadline. A missed exam will result in an exam grade of “0”. The Final Essay Exam is due Friday 5/3/24 11:59 PM. You must address ALL four questions.
Question I (20 pts.)
Consider the various definitions of public policy covered at the beginning of the semester. Discuss the composition and evolution of the study of public policy. To structure your discussion, include the following:
Briefly summarize at least two (2) definitions of “public policy” covered in our text, at least two (2) variants of public policy listed in the text and two (2) academic disciplines that study public policy. Conclude by fashioning your own definition of public policy and provide your thoughts on the future of public policy study in today’s political environment.
Be sure to cite sources in your answer and be sure to use APA 7th format in your citations.
Question II (20 pts.)
Discuss the element
s and context of the public policy process. In your discussion, be sure to include the following:
A brief explanation of the elements of the “Systems” and “Stages” models of the policy process and the relationship between the two.
Discussion of the policy environment. Be sure to describe and explain the various environments affecting public policy (i.e.: Structural, Social, Political, etc.).
The elements of stability in American politics and policy making.
The various eras of comprise the historical development of Constitutional order (i.e.: Eras of Divided Power, State Activism, National Activism, etc.).
Be sure to cite sources in your answer and be sure to use APA 7th format in your citations.
Question III (20 pts.)
Discuss the role of policy actors and agenda setting in the policy process. In your discussion include the following:
Definition and examples of official and unofficial actors in the policy process.
Definition, examples and types of causal theories.
Brief discussion of Deborah Stone’s concept of the ethics of counting. Be sure to register an opinion on her argument.
A brief explanation and critique of Kingdon’s streams metaphor for agenda change.
Be sure to cite sources in your answer and be sure to use APA 7th format in your citations.
Question IV (20 pts.)
Contemplate policy types, decision making, tools and implementation. In your discussion, include the following:
Brief definition and discussion with examples of Lowi’s policy types covered in our text (i.e.: Distributive, Redistributive and Regulatory) and well as Substantive vs. Procedural and Material vs. Symbolic policies.
Discuss at least two (2) policy decision making models and provide an opinion on which you feel to be closest to reality.
Briefly list and describe the various policy tools covered in our text. Which type do you see used most often in your own experience? Provide an example.
Describe the major policy implementation approaches covered in our text. Which do you find most effective and why?
Be sure to cite sources in your answer and be sure to use APA 7th format in your citations.
Spelling/Grammar: 10 Pts.
APA 7th Style: 10 Pts.
Must Use Book for sources and citations.
Book-An Introduction to the Policy Process
Theories, Concepts, and Models of Public Policy Making
by Thomas A. Birkland 5th edition.