First of all we have to know about heart, heart is a fist-sized muscular organ that is located in the center of the chest behind sternum slightly titled to the left, it is basically double pump, it provides the force needed to circulate the blood through the two major circulatory systems and it is composed of four chambers (two thin walled blood receiving, the atria and two thick walled blood pumping, the ventricles). Myocardial infarction (acute myocardial infarction or MI) is a serious medical emergency in which blood flow to the heart is abruptly and completely blocked in coronary artery, ordinarily by atherosclerosis (plaque) which it is accumulation of fats, cholesterol, white blood cell ,calcium and other substances then it will become blood clot. When an individual having an acute myocardial infarction (MI) has abrupt chest pain that is felt behind the sternum and sometimes travels to the left side of the neck or left arm, more over the person may have sweating, vomiting, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, heartbeats, vomiting, fatigue and weakness. These symptoms are partially different in women because women experience fewer symptoms than men, however in some cases the person does not have chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating or other symptoms, these cases are called (silent) myocardial infarctions case. Most important risk factors to this disease are obesity, high blood pressure, elder age, lack of physical activity, previous cardiovascular disease, both type of diabetes, tobacco smoking, excessive of drinking alcohol, high levels of certain types of lipid in blood such as (triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and other types of cholesterol), low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in blood, the use of amphetamines and cocaine and stressful, one of th
e most important risk factor is diabetes which it is an abnormality, body could not produce or could not response to the insulin hormone, it leads to hyperglycemia. The main way to determine if a person has had myocardial infraction (the investigations to diagnosis MI) are using echocardiogram (which it is ultrasound to provide moving picture on heart and vessels) and ECG (it is a simple test that is used to detect electrical signals produced by heart, also we can determine it by testing blood for substances that damaged heart muscle released it, common blood tests to diagnosis (MI) are both type of troponin (troponin I and troponin T) and creatine kinase (CK-MB). Lets move on to the treatments of myocardial infarction, treatments for myocardial infarction are percutaneous coronary intervention also known as angioplasty which it is opening blocked blood vessels especially coronary artery to restore normal blood flow to heart by using balloon through a catheter (long thin tube) through a small puncture of arm or leg artery to blocked artery of the heart, also we can do thrombolysis also known as fibrinolytic therapy which it is the process of dissolution of blood clot by medications such as the (anistreplase, reteplase and streptokinase…..), immediate treatments for suspected myocardial infarction includes aspirin which it prevents further blood from clotting, sometime nitroglycerin and other pain medication is used to treat chest pain and also sometime doctors use oxygen supplement, in a case if the person has diabetes we can treat him or her by coronary bypass surgery Also known as coronary artery Bypass graft (CABG) surgery, it is a surgical process that surgeon uses another blood vessels from other area of your body to bypass damaged blood arteries in order to restore normal blood flow to your heart.