In 2006, the National Centre for Biotechnology released an abstract asserting that, In in the 21st century, mass vaccination and routine immunization remains a necessary alliance for attaining both national and international goals in the control of vaccine-preventable disease (D, Heymann. 2006), to support the claim of Mass vaccination programs are successful in the control of diseases. For all human existence, diseases and infections have subsisted and have affected bodily functions and to the extent of death without proper treatment. Up until the 1930s where vaccines were introduced for various diseases including diphtheria, tetanus and tuberculosis (College of Physicians of Philadelphia, n.d.), these infectious diseases were extremely hazardous and fatal. Vaccines prevent these diseases infecting the body in future scenarios where the disease can issue critical damage to the vital functions of the body. In Australia and many first world countries, vaccines are heavily advised and provided for any citizen with minimal charge, mainly for infants and young children who are the focal victims of many of these
diseases between 12 and 18 months. Programs are in place such as the National Immunisation Program Australia, for vaccines provided to individuals ranging from infants, to adulthood free of charge (Australian Government, 2019). Focusing on young children, specifically under 5, the main diseases concerning this age bracket include; chicken pox, measles, mumps and rubella (Health Direct, 2018). As vaccines are extremely versatile, these diseases can all be prevented with the correct vaccinations. For this specific investigation, measles is the principal disease analysed, specifically in young children. As vaccinations fight against these injurious diseases, without this form of defence, the mortality rate increases. The mortality rate is defined as the frequency of deaths in a defined group (Collins Dictionary, n.d.). This can be refined further to children under five, known as the child mortality rate where it is the probability of dying between birth and five years old expressed per 1000 live births (UNICEF, n.d.). By receiving these vaccines at a young age, should improve the overall child mortality rate.