Weakness in military recruitment was only the beginning of issues for the Republic. Crises kept occurring throughout 149 BCE-88 BCE. The Romans didnt care for any new city-states so they intentionally minimized administration, which caused issues with provinces. The provinces felt they lacked contributions to the Roman government. An extortion court began in 149 BCE to try corrupt governors but was not very effective. The government continuously failed to integrate provinces into administration or society. Soon arose the Agricultural-Military Crisis as thousands of farmers were fighting Roman Wars instead of working their land and the army recruiting base became small. In 133 BCE, Tiberius Gracchus, a tribune of the plebs, tried to relieve this crisis by enforcing a Land Law. Tiberius had power in his position and as a result, a group of senators murdered him and hundreds of his supporters. The Italian allies felt a strong burden from Romes wars and felt they werent benefitting; in 125 BCE, a bill was pushed for their Roman citizenship and was denied. Italians threatened to leave the alliance so Romans needed to act fast. Tiberius brother,
Gaius rose to the tribune position in 123 BCE, expanded land distribution, and transferred the extortion court to the knights, working against the senate. The senate lost some power. Gaius and his supporters ended up being executed, a corrupt act making it clear that the current senate was not working. In 103 BCE, an uncontrollable slave revolt occurred. Italian allies were tired and had enough. In 95 BCE, Italians in Rome were expelled and son of Gaius Gracchus, and his Roman supporters, was assassinated for encouraging the senate to enfranchise Italians. The Italians had had it at this point and began a revolt known as the Social War in 90 BCE. They created their own country, Italia, with a senate and formed an army. Slave population increased and Romans were treating these slaves so poorly that in 73 BCE, a slave led a very strong army that harshly defeated Roman armies. In the final years of the Republic, downfall was catalyzed by the triumvirates. In the first triumvirate, the senators Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar, took authority away from the senate. These guys got everything they wanted at first but their group soon crashed and burned.